Which document can serve as an alternative to a passport when traveling?

An identification card can serve as an alternative to a passport when traveling in certain circumstances, particularly for domestic travel or within regions that have agreements allowing for such ID usage. These cards are widely accepted as proof of identity and citizenship, which is often required during travel, especially when entering various jurisdictions.

In many countries, identification cards are specifically designed for this purpose and may carry similar information to that found in a passport, such as a photo, name, and date of birth. Furthermore, certain regions, like within the Schengen Area in Europe, allow citizens of member states to use national identification cards instead of passports, facilitating easier cross-border movement.

While a birth certificate, an Electronic System for Travel Authorization, and a military ID card can serve distinct functions, they do not universally replace the need for a passport as effectively as a national identification card does in many travel scenarios. The birth certificate typically serves as proof of age or citizenship rather than a travel document, while the Electronic System for Travel Authorization is more accurately described as a travel authorization rather than a form of ID. A military ID card is specifically designed for military personnel and may not be accepted for civilian travel as broadly as an identification card.